遺忘遲早會來。不是因為人老了,記性退步了,而是死亡,是我們每一刻都必須考慮到的。每一天,每個具有實際精神的人,都會知道,自己永遠僥倖存活,自己永遠命在旦夕。
务虚笔记
首先让我惊叹的是史铁生笔下的生命力,小说里如果每一个人都徜徉,那么这个群像就会太过于繁杂。但是因为不是纯粹的小说而且散文的笔触,所以每个人物的情感的流露又更加自然了。
每个人都在徜徉的上世纪八九十年代的中国人心。但是格局又不局限于中国乡土,而是讨论的更加深远广大的世界。
爱情是全书的重点之一,人们因为爱而活,史铁生高度赞扬爱情,也高度肯定人的身体本身,非常重视性在爱情中的地位。可以说说有情节的有中国特色的breath of life
我一直要活到我能够
坦然赴死,你能够
坦然送我离开,此前
死与你我毫不相干
我一直要活到我能够
入死而观,你能够
听我在死之言,此后
死与你我毫不相干。
此后,死不过是一次迁徙
永恒复返,现在被
未来替换,是度过中的
音符,或永在的一个回旋。
我一直要活到我能够
历数前生,你能够
与我一同笑看,所以
死与你我从不相干
没法证明绝对的虚无是存在的,不是吗?没法证明绝对的无可以有,况且这不是人的智力的过错。那么,在一个故事结束的地方,必有其他的故事开始了,开始着,展开着。绝对的虚无片刻也不能存在的
往事,过去的生活,分为两种:一种是未被意识到的,它们都已无影无踪,甚至谈论它们都已不再可能。另一种被意识到的生活才是真正存在的,才被保存下来成为意义的载体。这是不是说仅仅这部分过去的生活才是真实的?不,好像也不。一切被意识到的生活都是被意识改造过的,它们只是作为意义的载体才是真实的,而意义乃是现在的赋予。那么我们真实地占有现在吗?如果占有,是多久?“现在”你说是多久?一分钟?一秒钟?百分之一秒抑或万分之一秒?这样下去“现在”岂不是要趋于零了?也许,“现在”仅仅是我们意识到一种意义所必要的时间?但是一切被意识到的生活一旦被意识到就已成为过去,意义一旦成为意义便已走向未来。现在是趋于零的,现在若不与过去和未来连接便是死灭,便是虚空。那么未来呢?未来是真实的吗?噢是的,未来的真实在于它是未来,在于它的不曾到来,在于它仅仅是一片梦想。过去在走向未来,意义追随着梦想,在意义与梦想之间,在它们的重叠之处就是现在。在它们的重叠之处,我们在途中,我们在现在。
真实并不在我的心灵之外,在我的心灵之外并没有一种叫做真实的东西原原本本地待在那儿。真实,有时候是一个传说甚至一个谣言,有时候是一种猜测,有时候是一片梦想,它们在心灵里鬼斧神工地雕铸我的印象。
而且,它们在雕铸我的印象时,顺便雕铸了我。否则我的真实又是什么呢,又能是什么呢?就是这些印象。这些印象的累积和编织,那便是我了。
又有了另一个毫不逊色的悖论:
我是我的印象的一部分
而我的全部印象才是我
梦是自己做的,并且仅仅是做给自己的,与他人无关,就像诗其实仅仅是写给自己的没道理发表或朗诵一样。如果上帝并不允许一个人把他的梦统统忘得干净,那么最好让梦停留在最美丽的位置,在那儿画一个句号,或是一行删节号。所谓最美丽的位置,F医生以为,并不一定是指最快乐的位置,最痛苦的位置也行,最忧伤最煎熬的位置也可以。
未必一定是思念,那更像是二十多年如一日的生活所养成的习惯,是他平静河流上的一个摆渡,或者更像是一种枯寂的消遣,最多是略带忧伤略带温馨的欣赏——就像是集邮,把往日的收藏拿出来看一看,无论是引出快乐还是引出痛苦,都益于时光的流逝,然后依旧把它们收藏起来,不让它们为非作歹打破一条河流的通畅,包括不让往事把今天弄得脸色惨白。
诗人的这段话反复出现
诗人说:一个幸福的位置,其实就因为它是一个美丽的位置。
美丽的位置?
对了,那必不能是一个从赤诚相见退回到彬彬有礼的位置。
一个美丽的位置?
对了,那必不能是一个心血枯焦却被轻描淡写的位置。
世间的话不都是为了说的。
“哥德尔不完全性定理”:一个试图知道全体的部分,不可能逃出自我指称的限制
在那一刻我的理性出生,从那一刻开始我的感觉同理性分开;从那情景中还出生了我的盼望,我将知道我的欢愉和我的凄哀,我将知道,我为什么欢愉和我为什么凄哀。而我的另一些生日还没有到来。
我们的生命有很大一部分,必不可免是在设想中走过的。在一个偶然但必须的网结上设想,就像隔着多少万光年的距离,看一颗颗星。
诗人想:我宁愿忍受她已经另有所爱,也不愿意设想这个世界上竟没有一个人能够幸免于从梦想堕落进现实
父亲:“表达自己的软弱,即是表达对他人的需要。爱,就是对他人的依赖,对自由和平安的依赖,对依赖的依赖。所以……所以……”
母亲:“所以什么?”
父亲:“所以那是危险的……”
母亲:“危险的?”
父亲:“你不知道他人会不会响应。是响应还是蔑视,你没有把握。”
南方不是一种空间,甚至不是时间。南方,是一种情感。是一个女人,是所有离去、归来和等待着的女人。她们知道北方的翘望,和团聚的路途有多么遥远。与生俱来的图景但是远隔千山万水,一旦团聚,便是南方了。
十二 欲望
她说:“要不是那天我在美术馆里迷了路,我就不会碰到你。”
她说:“我推开了右边的门,而不是左边的门,所以我顺着一条走廊向西走,那时夕阳正在你背后,我看见你迎面走来,那时我们谁也不认识谁,我们谁也想不到我们马上就要互相认识了。
那,你能不能告诉我,”诗人问,“爱情是什么?”
“我曾经知道,”她摇摇头说,“但现在忘了。”
“那么曾经,对你来说,我与许许多多的那些男人的区别是什么?”
“看见他们就想起你,看见你就忘记了他们
诗人的恐惧愈演愈烈,与其说是害怕那幅幻景成真,莫如说是害怕那幅幻景永不磨灭。我记得有一位哲人说过:真正的恐惧,是对恐惧的恐惧
诗人因此明白,他恐惧的是那幅幻景从今以后总要袭来,在所有的时光里都潜伏着那可怕的景象。而且那幻景还会逐日发展、丰富,幻景中她向L投来的目光日益冷漠、遥远,她向另一个人投去的目光日益亲近、温馨。在这两种目光之间生命刹那间失去重量,世界显露其无比的不可信任,仿佛只要人们愿意转过脸去就可以使随便什么都变得分文不值。心血枯焦也是枉然,不过像一张被没收的伪币。在这幅图景里,恐惧必不可免地走向怨恨
诗人指出了另一种醒与梦的区分:醒着的人才会有梦想,因而他能够创造;在梦里的人反而会丧失梦想,因而他只可屈从于梦境。诗人L还向F医生指出了梦想与梦境的区别:梦想意味着创造,是承认人的自由,而梦境意味着逃避,是承认自己的无能。诗人L对F医生说:“所以我是醒着的,因为我梦想纷纭,而你是睡着的,因为你,安于梦境。”
未来,只是一场漫长的弥留。
主要是殃及。就是你说的那种——殃及!就是说,叛徒,会使得憎恨叛徒的人也走进叛徒曾面临的那种可怕的处境。
疼痛、死亡、屈辱、殃及无辜的亲人、被扯碎的血肉和心魂……人们深知这处境的可怕,就创造出一个更为可怕的惩罚——“叛徒”,来警告已经掉进了那可怕处境中的人,警告他不要殃及我们,不要把我们也带进那可怕的处境。“叛徒”这个词就是这样被创造出来的,作为一种警告,作为一种惩罚,作为被殃及时的报复,作为预防被殃及而发出的威胁,作为“英雄”们的一条既能躲避痛苦又能推卸责任的活路,被创造出来了。
我们是这样害怕被殃及,因为我们心里还有一个秘密,那就是:我们也可能经受不住敌人的折磨,我们也可能成为叛徒,遭受永生不完的惩罚。这是那可怕处境中最为可怕的背景。
回到你的位置上去。你被判定的那个位置叫做“朋友”,叫做“一般的朋友”,也叫做“但是最亲密的朋友”。从“爱情”退回到那儿去,退回去,把门关上。爱情,以最珍贵的名义在到处传扬,但在你的生命里,C,你要把它抹去。
什么才能使我们成为人?什么才能使我们的生命得以扩展?什么才能使我们独特?使我们不是一批中的一个,而是独特的一个,不可顶替的一个,因而是不可抹杀的一个?唯有欲望和梦想!
欲望和梦想,把我们引领进一片虚幻、空白,和不确定的真实,一片自由的无限可能之域。
看重我们的独特吧,看重它,感谢它,爱戴它乃至崇拜它吧。在“独特”不可能被“统一”接受的地方,在“独特”不甘就范之时,“独特”开辟出梦想之门。无数的可能之门,和无数的可能之路。“独特”走进这些门,走上这些门里的这些路。这些路可能永远互不再相交。可是倘其一旦相交,我们便走进爱情,唯其一旦相交我们才可能真正得到爱情。
是谁想出这种折磨的?
爱情是你自己的品质,是你自己的心魂,是你自己的处境,与别人无关
爱情不是别人给予的,爱情的本源在于自身。
如果自由但不平安,如果平安却不自由,就让往日保存在一个美丽的位置上吧,不要苛求重逢,不要独钟实现,不要怨甚至不要说……那美丽的位置也许只好在心里,在想像里,在梦里,只好在永远不能完成的你的长诗里……
L独自走在寂静的夏夜里。当然,没有谁在等他,没有什么约会。然后他跑起来,长跑,真正的长跑……
生育制度
醍醐灌顶的关于生育和婚姻的社会学课堂
生育制度 (费孝通)
第一章 种族绵续的保障
对婚姻是本能的反驳
人类性欲的满足即使没有求偶、婚姻和家庭,同样是可以得到的。事实上,这种种正是限制人得到性的满足的方法。我们不能因为人类把性生活限制到了夫妇关系之间,或是人类不经过婚姻就不能得到社会 认可的性生活,而说婚姻的功能是在满足性欲,或是说为了要满足人类第一类的基本需要而在文化中发生婚姻。相反的,生育制度既然是限制人类的性生活,我们就应当从为什么要限制性生活这一问题上着手去思索,限制性的满足的原因决不能是为了要满足性生活。
我认为若是种族绵续真如一辈本能论者所谓是我们生物机能的表现,我想在人类社会中也就不必有生育制度来规定人们怎样求偶,怎样结婚,怎样生孩子,怎样做父母等等一大套麻烦的规则了
全书的核心观点:生育是损己利人的
营养是损人利己的,而生殖是损己利人的
动物的营养显然是损人利己的。它们不能靠无机物来营养,因之,我们可以说,它们的生命是以毁灭其他生命来培养的。可是生殖却刚刚相反。新生命的产生没有不靠母体的消耗和亏损。做父母的尽管把孩子看得如何着肉,但究竟不是自己的肉;孩子对父母尽管觉得怎样体己,但究竟不是自己。孩子的生活既须父母供养,在父母说来总是自己的牺牲
第二章 双系抚育
从生物层上说,抚育作用是以单系开始的。
快乐的家庭和健全的人生自不能把眼中钉作为最亲密的人。可是,我以后还要提到,没有感情联系,相敬如宾,一天话也说不上三句的男女,同样是能维持他们共同抚育儿女的责任。我们若要把儿女的抚育归到夫妇间的感情上,这个基础是并不稳固的。
我们与其说,因为两性的爱好,所以愿意共同抚育儿女,倒不如说,因为要共同抚育儿女,两性间需要有能持久的感情关联。
能做好父母的不一定是相亲相爱的夫妻,他们也可能只是好同事
男孩子不能在母亲那里获得他所需的全部生活方式,女孩子单跟父亲同样得不到完全的教育。全盘的生活教育只能得之于包含全盘生活的社会单位。这单位在简单的社会里是一男一女的合作团体,因之,抚育作用不能由一女一男单独负担,有了个母亲还得有个父亲。
为什么男孩子不能从母亲那里获得全部生活方式?因为母亲缺乏所谓“男性气质”?
第三章 婚姻的确立
婚姻是社会为孩子们确定父母的手段。从婚姻里结成的夫妇关系是从亲子关系上发生的。这种说法也许和我们通常的看法不同,因为在我们的文化里,时常会使人觉得夫妇关系是两性关系,婚姻是确定两性关系和个人开始性生活的仪式。可是在很多民族中两性关系并不以婚姻始也并不限于夫妇之间,而同时特别值得我们注意的是夫妇之外的性生活无论如何自由,并不会引起婚姻关系的混乱。这使我们觉得婚姻关系和两性关系并没有绝对的联系,因之,我们似乎不应把限制两性关系视作婚姻的基本意义。婚姻之外的两性关系之所以受限制还是因为要维持和保证对儿女的长期的抚育作用,有必要防止发生破坏婚姻关系稳定性的因素。
婚姻的核心是孩子。
有一些国家的税务上,丁克夫妻不如不结婚。
大观园里只有那对石狮子是干净的。有人把犯奸淫的妇人带到耶稣面前,耶稣说让自己觉得没有犯过罪的人用石子去掷她,结果一块石子都没有掷出来。尤其是在现在欧美的都市里,这种贞节观念更不能支配人了。
这也说明了婚姻与生育的关系重于与两性的关系。
结婚不是件私事
婚姻的意义,依我以上的说法,是在确立双系抚育。抚育既需双系,而双系抚育却并没有自然的保障,因之人们得自己想法,用社会的力量保证生出来的孩子不但有母而且有父,于是有婚姻。我说婚姻是用社会力量造成的,因为依我所知世界上从来没有一个地方把婚姻视作当事人间个人的私事,别的人不加过问的。婚姻对象的选择非但受着社会的干涉,而且从缔结婚约起一直到婚后夫妇关系的维持,多多少少,在当事人之外,总有别人来干预。这样就把男女个人间的婚姻关系弄成了一桩有关公众的事件了。这并不是一般人的无理取闹,或是好事者的瞎忙,而是结合男女成夫妇所必需的手续,因为,让我再说一遍,单靠性的冲动和儿女的私情并不足以建立起长久合作抚育子女的关系来。
第四章 内婚和外婚
社会对于性的歧视是有原因的。这原因就在性威胁着社会结构的完整。性可以扰乱社会结构,破坏社会身份,解散社会团体。社会对此实感两难:个人的性欲不能不加以满足,而且社会结构的绵续,还得靠从两性关系里所得来的生育。
第五章 夫妇的配合
中国传统社会很严格地把夫妇关系弄得“上床夫妻下床客”,但是对于男子的感情生活却很少加以严格的拘束。
夫妇感情生活的未尽发展确是中国传统文化的一个弊病。现在西方社会既然把抚育的事务部分地社会化,使夫妇间柴米油盐的负担减轻了,他们也就可以向夫妇间的感情生活方面发展了。这个风气流传到中国,传统文化的流弊被更清楚地反映了出来,青年中自然会感觉到配偶的社会安排是可憎的了。
夫妇感情生活的未尽发展确是中国传统文化的一个弊病。现在西方社会既然把抚育的事务部分地社会化,使夫妇间柴米油盐的负担减轻了,他们也就可以向夫妇间的感情生活方面发展了。这个风气流传到中国,传统文化的流弊被更清楚地反映了出来,青年中自然会感觉到配偶的社会安排是可憎的了。
现有教育中特别忽略了对于这件终身大事的讨论和阐发。青年人所注意的可能只是婚姻的某一方面,而忽略了其他方面。譬如说,长期的合作生活需要身体的康健。而在热恋中的青年是否会注意这客观条件呢?又譬如说婚姻并不只是配偶间的社会关系,而是得调适于两人原有的许多社会关系的。这一点又是否会被青年们所考虑到的呢?再进一步说,就是两个人性格的本身也是十分复杂的整体,青年人是否在决定婚姻之前能相互充分了解呢?
因为是从结婚的观点出发的。
在中国这种环境里,有多少青年男女真的有恋爱的条件我是很怀疑的。读者不要误会我反对从恋爱到结婚的过程,我所要指出的,能从这公式中解决终身大事的必须有一个客观环境,那就是说,社会上要把夫妇关系的任务减得很轻,使夫妇不必经营全面的合作,甚至减少到只有性和感情的内容。关于这一点,我已在《初访美国》一书里发挥过,这里不必细述。这个条件没有具备时,青年男女似乎是很难从恋爱里达到美满的家庭的。
近代的婚姻是退步了,因为在旧式的婚姻里,这一点倒是比较充分地做到。旧时的一种观念认为婚姻必有其不可避免的痛苦,现在这观念是不时髦了。不过痛苦依然存在,所不同的是方式已经换过罢了,而这种痛苦是从婚姻关系的内在的性质所发出的。
不仅要看婚姻的变革,旧式婚姻中的痛苦主要是封建残余里父权的压制,父权被削弱也是这个变革中摩擦的起因之一。也就是说旧式的不是不痛苦,不是不磨合,而且因为权力压制无法磨合所以只能单方面痛苦。
若是把恋爱训作两性无条件的吸引,把一切社会安排置之不顾的一往情深(这是一种艺术,而不是社会事业),婚姻也必然是这种恋爱的坟墓了。真的坟墓里倒还安静,恋爱的坟墓里要求一个安静的生活也不可得的。
第六章 社会结构中的基本三角
雷蒙德·弗思说:“舞台上或银幕上的三角是二男一女(近来也有二女一男)间爱的冲突;可是从人类学者看来,社会结构中真正的三角是由共同情操所结合的儿女和他们的父母。”
很可以看到孩子在稳定夫妇关系中的作用了。
因为孩子优先,所以忍受糟糕的婚姻。
孩子出生为夫妇两人创造了一件共同的工作,一个共同的希望,一片共同的前途;孩子不但是夫妇生物上的结合,同时也是夫妇性格上结合的媒介,从孩子在夫妇关系上的创造性,使我们对于“三角形的完成是孩子的出生”这一句话有了更深一层的了解了。稳定夫妇关系的是亲子关系。
第八章 父母的权力
我们长大了的人觉得在这世界上做事能应付自如,左右逢源。须知这是从十多年种种不自由中挣得的自由。社会的桎梏并不是取消了,只是我们熟习了。苟其我们真能非礼勿视,非礼勿言,非礼勿动,则我们在这些社会的重重规则下,自能如一个熟练的球员在球场上,往来奔驰,随心所欲而不逾规了
在一个抚育是父母的责任的社会中,父母就得代表社会来征服孩子不合于社会的本性,因之生物和社会的冲突一化而为施教者和被教者之间的冲突,再化而为亲子间的冲突。这是我认为家庭三角里亲子间第一个可能发生摩擦的根源。
父权大部分是家庭冲突的源泉,因为父权给其父亲的社会要求及其专有的权利,既不称合他的生物倾向,也不称合他在子女身上可以感受、可以兴起的个人感情
第九章 世代间的隔膜
这一章特别适合和父母产生矛盾的时候读
在父母的眼中,子女是他理想自我再来一次的重生机会。
假定在一个社会变迁极慢的社会中,社会标准历久未变,子女长成后所具的理想和他们父母所具的,和所期望于他们的理想并无重大的差别。即便在这种情形下,亲子之间还是潜伏着冲突的可能,这是我在上文中已说明的,因为现实总是赶不上理想,而父母以他们所没有完成的理想,交卸给子女,子女同样不能完成时,就成了“人生大事留给将来”的大毛病,而引起了不满。这不满实在就是理想对现实的不满。父母站在理想的立场来责成子女,他就觉得子女总是“不肖”。不肖者并不是生物上的变异,也不是行为上有什么和父母太不相像的地方,而是现实对理想的差别罢了。这种差别既然永远不会消灭,则即在社会静止的状态中,亲子间的契洽仍有困难,何况静止的社会到现代已经不很容易见到了呢?
可是事实上新旧的交替总是会展开争斗的。这一幕争斗却常加剧了父子之间的隔膜
文化不只是绵续,还需不断地变化,于是加上的牵连又得用血泪来丝丝切断。亲子间的爱和憎,平行的存在,交替的显隐,正因为社会结构的本质中有着这条漏缝。
第十章 社会性的断乳
心理分析家曾用“凝固”一词来描写那种跳不出母爱的反常心理。母爱的凝固,也是幼年情境的拖累,会使长成的人不能对异性发生正常的恋爱,影响到他正常的性生活。母爱是童年生活的象征,停止在童年生活上的人不但性生活不易正常,其他个性的发展都会受到阻碍。
第十一章 社会继替
从社会完整的观点上看生育制度,我曾说过几句似乎不合于常识的话:我说在人类中非得有活着的别人才能有活着的自己。我又说:人类有死才需要有生。我也说过:人类有孩子才有婚姻
亲属体系甚至可以说是特地为了要用作有条不紊的继替原则而定下的。即使我们不采取这种说法,认为亲属体系另有造因,我们至少也得承认,因为它被利用了作继替原则,所以发生了很多特别适宜于继替秩序的特点:譬如世代排列、男女分殊、单系偏重、亲疏层次等。
第十二章 世代参差
我们传统亲属词汇中世代的记号是:高、曾、祖、父、子、孙、曾、玄、来、昆、仍、云。我们若把这一串名词分为两组,每隔一代放在一组里,就会看见一件极有意思的事实。在甲组里是曾、来、仍,在乙组里是高、祖、玄、昆、云。甲组里的字意义是相通的,都是再生的意思;乙组里的字都是距离的意思。综合起来说,一组是相亲,一组是相疏;一组是相近,一组是相远,也正是包含着世代交替的原则,隔代是相同的,接代是相异的
在这类社会中,亲子并不易因继替作用而发生摩擦。若是还有问题发生,这问题的性质也和上述的绝不相同。亲子年龄相差太远,入社时期延迟得太久,世代间一线相承的方式有了困难。若是一个人在三十岁之后才有儿女,很可能在儿女还没有成年的时候已经弃世,儿女的抚育尚不易完成,何况要儿女来继替呢?即使高寿,可是六十多岁所经营的事业也不易由一个初出茅庐的小伙子来接手。于是亲子间世代相接的继替方式也就难于实行了。在两代之间必得另有一代中间人物以作过渡。若是代代相承的原则不加修正,则势必发生摄政式的过渡办法。这种办法对于社会效率并不是有利的。若是还要维持亲属原则,则很可能发生商代所采取的兄弟叔侄的继替方式了。也许正因为这个社会成年太迟的原因,使亲属体系逐渐不适宜于作为社会继替的原则,于是如我在上章所说的,在现代社会日趋复杂的过程中,社会继替至少亦不能不部分地脱离亲属原则了。
永别书
在松山的诚品书店看到这本书的签名本,被标题吸引了。
读完之后思绪万千,刚好回到这个和我有许多羁绊而我又有着复杂感情的地方。但是又是一种轻飘飘没有任何负担的牵绊。
外省人——我生长在一个没有偏见的城市,几乎没有土著,大家都是讲着普通话的外来者,所以也没有歧视或者鄙夷。就算在老家,我的背景也并不是外省人,老人永远讲着我的祖先如何在清朝就扎根在这里。
永別書_在我不在的時代
這段文字極為細膩深刻,我已將所有段落處理為引用格式,並清除了段落中的多餘空格。以下是格式化後的版本:
像這樣音樂活動滿檔的小孩,是沒有時間恨她的父母的。或許我是很偶然間,領悟到這個狡猾卻重要的事實。十五歲時,我在心中做了這個艱難的決定,我決定,我要放棄音樂。
策蘭後來跳了塞納河,我經過塞納河常想起,這是條有這麼多文學屍體的河——。當然不是每次。偶爾我也會只覺得風光旖旎。
在我心中有著噴射機,越遺忘,越快樂。
研究說,金字塔蓋起來的秘訣,都已失傳。還好是,我從來都不想蓋金字塔。但是我想知道怎樣可以使它倒塌。塵歸塵,土歸土,記憶者,都消滅,我願留下之物,惟有倒塌學。
有天我發現歷史是重覆的,我也有了我父親身上那種,非要逃避他母親的相同東西,我也有了一模一樣——那種我不可能改變我父母的絕望。一開始我也以種種追求來和緩我的絕望,表面是為了有所追求,實則是為了有所遺忘:那些追求曾經是知識的、行動的;後來是創造的、寫作的、但最後我打算直接進攻遺忘——追求遺忘,因為前人留下的種種法寶,藝術或是文化,行動或是不行動,都已不敷痛苦的藥用量。不能止痛。
如果有人想要擁有真相,擁有一點點不是「表面現象」的東西,問人們追求什麼,是找不到真正答案的。你必須看到,在追求什麼的同時,是為了不追求什麼,在努力過程中是為了不再努力什麼——在那裡,那個被放棄與永遠不再提起,才有人們真正的悲哀、最深的痛苦、鑽石般堅硬的盡頭——只有那,是歷史無能書寫,藝術經常裝飾,研究者不得其門而入,問路者不知存在的,一種無用真理的深淵。那使人們不得不在別處開始新生命的:最早的死亡。
而且,你太天真了,這種事,才不需要殺很多人,只要殺少少的,其他的人就了解了,就夠了。而且這事,只有活下來的人才痛苦。死去的失去了生命,活下來的,是失去所愛。
我想起萱瑄,我腦中常浮現一排字:「那個被文學深深戕害的人」。
萱瑄是受折磨的,她受到托爾斯泰的誘惑。一個又能犯罪又能受尊敬的形象,比只是犯罪或是只受尊敬的人,似乎在這世上,得到較多的東西——較多的經驗、較多的安全感——大概也能總結為較多的愛。萱瑄要成為作家的欲望,非常強烈。
她聽到這,難得地歎了口氣:「妳有那樣的想法,妳還想要有小孩,表示妳還能感覺到在這個社會中,妳有某個位置。我從來都沒有妳那種穩當的感覺——妳沒有我們的那種徬徨。——。」
在這個我直覺感到被不公正對待的人物身邊,我的角色是什麼?這是真的,我感覺自己真像是萱瑄說的那個,一個世界秩序中所走出來的代表,我手中舉著歡迎牌,我找到她,我去了解她,並把她帶入,那個我在其中,生活穩當的秩序中,這在我來說,一開始似乎是簡單又自然的事。也因此,當有一天,就連我也想要割斷與她的連繫,排除她在我的記憶中,不但希望她不要在我面前出現,甚至想到,如果世上從未有過她這人更好——當我走到這個地步時,我的痛苦是雙重的:我既背棄了我年輕時的理想與對公正的追求,又懼怖於自己對人生複雜性的低估。
真實是什麼?有種流行的說法說,真實並不存在,只存在詮釋。
發生過的事,是真的發生過嗎?這看來是個愚蠢的問題,其實一點都不蠢。有些事的真實性與否,對人類心靈並沒有那麼大的重要性。一月二十五號中午十二點,我是去吃了火腿蛋炒飯或是去郵局寄一封信,這除非我捲入犯罪事件,需要提供不在場證明什麼之類,沒有人——包括我自己,會去回溯或在意,這類日常是發生了,或是沒有:我是想吃飯但後來改變主意叫了披薩,我是該去郵局但是我又拖了幾天,這一類的「發生」,我們每天在處理,如果我也要對它的真實性一一產生疑問,做下紀錄以保心安,這只能說是神經質。
但是有另外一些事務,說是事務或許不對,就是那些發生在我們心靈中的變化。這些東西:擔憂、煩惱、盼望或是溫柔的感覺,我們總是既感到真實,也感到不真實。真實是因為,感覺有它的強度;不真實,則是因為它沒有明確的印記——只存在心中的東西,再厲害的手術,也無法開刀將它取出來,再精密的X光,也沒法使它顯影——但是有多少我們的性情與行為,都取決於這些沒有質量與空間的「真實」。我們是唯一知道的人。
…時間,或是巧合而喚起的時間感,究竟為什麼會對人起作用呢?我想那是因為,人的真實感,在這個過程中,有了增長。換句話說,面對犯罪或是自己的過錯,時間並不是使人更加聰明,而只是簡單地,使人更有感覺。真實,是有濃度的。時間是個釀造者。
更、有、感、覺,這是什麼意思呢?我們說感覺痛、感覺熱、感覺沉重或感覺如入五里霧之中,我們較少會說,感覺真實。但是這份感覺確實存在,如果你曾經歷過它衰退到增強的變化,在那些轉折點發生之時,你會尤其體會到——真實感,是你腿中之腿,手中之手,不管是它的消失或不見,都會讓你變得寸步難行、束手就擒,就像一個感冒藥吃多了的昏沉之人。麻醉是醫學的特殊手段,但是清醒,卻是人生無止盡地每日工作…
…因為我也是血肉之軀,」我這樣回答萱瑄,「小朱碰不到我的寫作,但是她碰得到做為血肉之軀的我;我們都以為寫作者是用頭腦在寫作,但這是不完全對的。如果做為血肉之軀的我,被摧殘、踐踏到某個地步,我首先會活不下去,我會失去我的生命氣息。那麼,即使我有心要保護我的寫作,我也做不到。」
表面上小朱攻擊的是我的寫作,但那只是個預演,既然她對一般人都不會去攻擊的部份,都能發動火力強大的攻擊,如果她沒有把我徹徹底底毀滅,讓我告訴妳,這絕對是她手下留情,不是她辦不到。
小朱真對妳那麼殘忍?為什麼?難道妳不能把妳的感覺告訴她,讓她改變嗎?
下面这句“少女之爱,何其辉煌”太打动我了,那种不愿意对方为我改变的,也不愿意为对方改变的心情,对于世界的detach和involve对立统一。
這妳就不明白了,少女之愛,何其輝煌。那樣的我,根本不要她有任何改變的。再痛苦,這事我也不做;妳看,我也從來不曾為小朱改變我自己一點點。我一感覺到她對我的威脅太大,我就立刻驅逐她,我是痛苦的,但絕不是沒有力量。我們都保持原樣,這是我要的。
文學就是那種,會超出個人關係的東西。它是不能一人私藏的,它引發不可扼抑地衝動,不管是用口耳相傳、用影印、用傳抄或出版,感受到它的人,不管用什麼方式,會想將它的存在擴大、加深、再擴大、再加深,會想和它一起,一起對抗時間對物質的腐蝕性。
文學是種誘惑,一種命令不必出口的指揮能力——這不需要寫什麼千軍萬馬的大河小說,也不用鋪陳什麼百年難得的離奇故事——這種力量,我更傾向於說它是技巧,即使在寫一張便條時,它都可以不小心被洩露。總是多出一點什麼。不保留下來就覺得可惜。
小朱感覺到的就是這。她為此激動,也為此痛苦——這是我有而她缺乏的。因為她夠誠實又夠聰明,她知道一切都不是她引發的。我有奇怪的天賦:那多出了一點什麼的東西。而她只是一個單純的在場人。一個觀禮者。這個惡行惡狀的收信人,也是前所未有的正直之人。
就像超級瑪莉裡面,瑪莉吞下去就可以跳得更高更快的東西,小朱始終迷惑於不知如何咬下我可以作為她的靈芝的生命。她不能以一種一般人眼中的,思考或交流的方式達到她的目的。因為她渴求的並不是一點一滴累積起來的力量,而是一種更絕對、更奇特的力量。
…我想那就是:性、色情、以及所有那個範圍裡的一切。我們沒有想太配合對方,我們甚至不需要,身體自己就會做起來。做在不靠身體存在的區域。很奇怪、很悲哀,但也歡愉得很深很深。我只是坐在那裡。我看她一眼,埋頭喝湯。盡可能不要抬起頭來。因為我怕一抬頭,也許就會流下眼淚。我知道、我了解、我體會,但是我並沒有享受它。那是我的層次。我的愛。
萱瑄對此非常寬容,她很清楚,這事沒有我心機的成份,甚至小朱也一樣無辜。誰都沒有勾引誰,小朱與我,我們單純擁有那份無解的愛欲生命。那裡我們很熟很熟、很燙很燙;永遠迫不及待,永遠跳得太快,永遠有東西不停收縮痙攣,也永遠一碰到就必須彈開。在那裡,有呻吟、有尖叫、有最動物性的嗚咽,全在沉默中完成。不朽的初夜,是很可怕的。它永遠不增不減、不生不滅,它是什麼?它是,「但它就是在」。
在我所欲遺忘的全部事項當中,這段心靈的秘史,是我最定奪不下的。照理來說,一個人要行事徹底,最好的做法就是,不問理由,不加斟酌,玉石俱焚,將娃娃連同洗澡水一起倒掉。我挺喜歡的。做一個徹底的人,記憶的白癡,遺忘的全能者。這個誘惑,就像自殺對某些人的誘惑一般,跟隨了我許多年。
比如說,我並沒有任何來自小朱的小朱照片或兩人的合照——不只是因為當年我們要好之時,攝影不像今日輕易,也還因為我們的交往,本身就帶有一種秘密的特質,就像兩個地下工作者本能地隱蔽,我們自動自發地經常拭去,所有可以追蹤到我們的痕跡。等到我們都長大到足夠堅強去「出土」時,我們的關係又太過「嚴重」,以至於合照顯得可怕的輕浮——我們既不能像好朋友也不能像情侶那樣合照——我保有的這張小朱在其上的照片,連照片也稱不上。它是黑白印刷的報紙照片,用來輔佐說明一次女性主義運動的始末。那個運動我是發起人之一。小朱在照片中和其他幾個人一起拿著布條,她被照到側面——我想只除了我,對她如此熟悉與在意,別的人未必能夠在這樣的攝影條件下,清楚看到,那就是她。
女同性恨,全都是恨,因为总是要赤裸裸地放下所有尊严去爱。
…我們對那些外部壓力是很有辦法的——令人發狂與受不了,再也無法承擔的,不是什麼歧視或異性戀機制,而是屬於內部的、感情的、純粹情人與情人間才能造成的那些傷害、那些遺棄、那些對我們自信的粉碎與侵蝕。阿純的丈夫是個平庸之輩,末末從不否認嫁了的男朋友自大到令她無奈——但是她們都同時仍然非常感謝——那或許不是多麼值得誇耀的幸福,但那是極端痛苦之後的避風港——即使對同性之間的戀情,人們在必要時決定認賠殺出,求得不過就是不要尊嚴掃地——呵,我無意中道出了真心話,「尊嚴掃地」。是的,那才是真相。同性戀,那是一個令我尊嚴蕩然無存的世界。拆除、搗毀、丟入火燄中焚燒殆盡,這絕不是一個遊戲。給失去價值的東西以失去價值,讓不存在的不存在,報虛空以虛空——我希望不是每個人都必須走到這一步——必須走到這一步的人,相信我,她有絕對必須的理由。把詛咒唸完,咬字清楚地直到最後一個音節,這是另一種殘酷的祝福。
很多年後,我曾在一次聊天中對人說道:要求是我們給戀人最美的東 西,一旦要求的心死亡,愛情就死亡。希望對方多做一點事、多聊天、 多出遊——這些,都是愛情還活著的跡象。
是鄉愁嗎?是自剖嗎?畢竟像個小霸王,並 不是什麼得體的自我誇讚之語,我試圖翻譯並填補我所缺乏的空白,我 猜想,我媽要告訴我的是,雖然她在我所看到的那個生活世界中,她並 不被完全接受,她表現不出百分之百的自己;但是無條件接受完整的她 的那個世界,是曾經存在的——後來她失去了。她並不明白是怎麼回 事,但她記得那前後的差別。
我知道在我爸和我之 間,我媽選擇的永遠是我爸——這就是異性戀女人的劣根性,有種邏輯 就是那麼冷血又清楚:一個男人在內部生活對她再壞,再貶抑,都是好 的——重點不是感情,而是權力地位——她是「有男人的女人」,重點 是「有」,其他都不重要,都可以用自欺欺人來代替。
小惠成年後,我曾提醒過她一次,如果她還記得那事,那事是真的,因 為當時我也在場,我看到她被打被罵,毫無理由地。如果那事困擾她, 她或許該找心理醫生談談。但是小惠只是簡單地告訴我:「我完全不記 得了。」「小時候發生的事,我全部不記得了。」 我不知道該為她慶幸與否。不記得——或許最好;僅僅只是在她面前提 起此事,我都覺得自己彷彿在凌虐她。然而問題是,她的「不記得」似 乎不可信。她或許只是決心不記得,而記憶,往往沒有那麼仁慈。但我 實在難以設想,小惠要是選擇面對,她是否活得下去。
对于自己文化的复杂的依恋。
比起台語歌,我一直都更喜歡客家歌,雖然我還是一句不懂,但我 確實有這樣的需要:秘密地、難以解釋地。我從來沒有把這種「需 要」,視為一種藝術必須提供的東西——這是另一個可以討論的問題; 不過,當我說「我們畢竟不一樣」——我想說得是,我們各自發現「親 切與我們的關係」,這個過程,有它各自的速度與拐彎。即使在發現自 己身上的客家依戀,我還是「拒絕的」。這個拒絕,是因為自始以來, 我都知道,我終將是拒絕父母之人,我將沒有根——即使根一度出現或 長出,我也將一一切斷:我說過我將遺忘,這不是任性——而這一切都 是有原因的。
換句話說,就像莫扎特是音樂的神童;賀殷殷,我是痛苦的神童。
很自然地,我更不敢告訴她,那段時間,我真的覺得難受的事,是萱瑄 媽趁萱瑄不在場時,問了我媽的職業,並且說了一些話。意思近似小學 老師一點都不辛苦,言談之間,酸苦的程度,使我整個茫然失措。我客 氣地附和她,但我心裡挺傷心。
对于强暴者的议论,真的让人痛心。这个世界就是太多房思琪,女孩永远在苦痛和恐惧里。
當然有像連續殺人狂這樣,大家覺得格殺勿論的犯罪者,但是我的觀察 是,強暴犯,從來不是願意自外於社會的——從頭到尾,他們最深的願 望就是,融入這個社會到這個地步——即便因為他犧牲了某個人的福祉與權益,即便他造成了受害者——這個社會對他仍然不離不棄、不計前 嫌、伸出雙手擁抱——。——強暴者所摯愛的,是這個東西——在殘酷 的權力遊戲中勝出,不是做為一個簡單的勝利者,而是即使嚴重破壞規 則,也沒有被逐出遊戲的勝利者。——特——權——者。他是立法者, 用他的法對抗既定的法。
當時我對這個世界應該是怎樣,仍然無法確定。我的最大的問題是,記 憶一直都在。我對「桌子坐人」的斷電反應,那是記憶的現身,而非消 逝。妳不想重看某部恐怖片,是因為妳還記得內容。 幾年之後,我會讀書讀報紙了。《讀者文摘》中有一篇文章,讓我初次 知道,這事有個名字。我第一次在心底,對「廣闊的世界」做出無聲卻 鏗鏘的評語,苦澀、堅定、絕望:那麼,那是真的了。 真實讓我失去生命。
在我剛開始有能力思考亂倫時——我的意思是大約二十歲左右——我付 出過慘痛的代價。這件事有著某種「不可思考性」——。就像肉體承受 酷刑有它一定的限度,思考這個機器,也不是百毒不侵、刀槍不入。那 段我最痛苦的記憶,如今已經非常淡薄了。但我還記得:某天我去醫院 拿感冒藥,臨走前,被一個做問卷的人攔住,希望我幫忙填寫匿名問 卷。問卷裡有一個問題,問得是,如果您會想到自殺,在一天當中,您 會想到多少次?
很多伴侣最大的作用其实就是分心——不失为一种能力。我压力很大的时期,也完全是靠身边的人帮我分心。
最好,但這也不是最壞——和萱瑄一起,我內心非常寂寞,但是她使我 分心,我對這一點,非常感激。
第 228 页
第二部 如果你看得到我的記憶,你會吃不下飯。(註14) - 第十七章
「賭妳今年就會拿下文學獎。我賭贏,我們就去吃牛肉麵。」萱瑄站在 電話旁邊這樣宣布。——她告訴我,文學獎得獎會以電話通知,她算出 開獎日大概日期後,就說道:「從今天起,我們都要注意電話。」(因 為我有不愛接電話的怪癖)我抱怨道:「就算妳賭輸,我也要吃牛肉 麵。」 我們如約去吃牛肉麵。
这两章读得好压抑。一开始还有现实主义色彩,觉得万一主角的我是现实的一部分,到这里是真的惨。如果说《桥声》《活着》这类是命运的玩弄,那么这里的“我”就吃被身边的人活生生霸凌,父母妹妹前恋人现恋人都在精神上摧毁我,只有文学,只有文学!
比真實更絕對的,是對真實的在乎——這份在乎 是精神的,因為真實並不唾手可得。真實不會無緣無故被發現,要在乎 它才會存在。
羞恥是因為沒有自己的歷史,這種歷史不是知識 的,這種歷史,是把自己連貫起來的東西。我的羞恥是因為,我就連貫 不起來。越南裔的女孩被法國社會收養,他們用法國化的東西養大她, 與越南有關的東西出現時,她會產生一種不連貫感。這種不連貫,就是 會使人羞恥。
並不是以一種狂歡忘我的方式。我仍然在某種秩序中,不碰已有固定關 係的人,不碰抱著破壞性心理的人,不碰並不真的能挑起我性慾的人, 不碰可能使我有生命危險的人。
這就是我的私人生命。沒有什麼原因,不能消滅它。它沒有任務在身。 我不交給它任何任務。就連記憶也不必擁有它。我最喜歡的,是永別。
遺忘遲早會來。不是因為人老了,記性退步了,而是死亡,是我們每一 刻都必須考慮到的。每一天,每個具有實際精神的人,都會知道,自己永遠僥倖存活,自己永遠命在旦夕。
How to Be Queer
通俗易懂的古希腊相关读物,本书主要是关于萨福,每年都是要定期重读萨福的
and suddenly they were here. O blessed one, with a smile
on your deathless face, you asked
what again have I suffered
and why again do I calland what in my wild heart do I most wish
would happen: “Once again who must I
persuade to turn back to your love?
Sappho, who wrongs you?Eros, limb-loosening, whirls me about again,
that bittersweet, implacable creature.Theognis
To you I have given wings with which over the boundless sea
you may fly, soaring above the entire earth
easily. And you will be present too at every party and feast,
sitting in the mouths of many
desire rules us and drags us to pleasure, its rule is called ‘excess.’
How to Tell a Story
Aristotle Poetics
永垂不朽的理论
Therefore the goal of an actor on the stage is not to imitate character. Character is instead a by-product of action. Actions and plot are what a tragedy is about. That is what matters.
And so plot is the first principle and, so to speak, the soul of tragedy. Character comes second.
Reason is the third element of tragedy. It is the ability to say what is apt and appropriate in a situation, which in prose writings is the function of politics and rhetoric.
The fourth element of tragedy is speech. By this I mean, as I said before, the use of words to express meaning. This is true in both poetry and prose.
Of the remaining elements of tragedy, music is the most important of those that give pleasure
Poetry is about universals, while history is about particulars. A universal is what people would probably or necessarily say or do in a certain situation. Poetry does this even when it attaches a real name to a character, but history deals strictly with the actions or experiences of a particular person, like Alcibiades.44
Concerning plots and actions, the episodic are the worst. By episodic I mean those stories in which the sequence of events is neither necessary nor probable. Such plays are created by second-rate writers who lack talent or by good writers who are trying to give the actors something to show off with. In creating such stories they stretch the plot to extremes and distort the sequence of events.
reversal in a plot is the change of a situation into its opposite, as I’ve said before, but it must be in accord with probability or necessity.
recognition is a change from ignorance to knowledge resulting in either a close relationship or hatred between two people destined for good or bad fortune.
Suffering is when something destructive or painful occurs in a story, such as a horrible death, violent physical agony, wounding someone, or anything else like that.
Knowingly: A tragic deed can be done, as it usually is in the early poets, with the full knowledge of the facts
Unknowingly: A violent action can be taken in ignorance, as when Oedipus in the Sophocles tragedy kills his own father.
Last-minute reversal: The third possibility is when a character is unaware of a close relationship but realizes it before the deed is actually done.
Qualities You Need in Your Characters
We’ve said enough about plot and structure. Now let’s turn to characters and the four qualities a writer should include.
Goodness: This is most important. The qualities your characters have, as I said earlier, will be revealed in their speech and actions when they make deliberate moral choices. The characters are good if their choices are good. This is possible in every class of person, even slaves and women, though women are weaker and slaves inferior.69
Appropriateness: A character can be courageous, for example, but it would be inappropriate for a female character to be courageous or clever in the same way as a man.
Relatability: This is not the same as making the character have goodness or appropriateness, as I mentioned before.70
Consistency: Even if we were to imagine a character who is by nature inconsistent, in your story they should be consistently inconsistent.
It’s Not about You—Why Writers Should Stay Out of the Story
A storyteller should say as little as possible as a narrator, since this isn’t imitation
With regard to effect, once again something impossible but believable is preferable to something possible but unconvincing
And so there are five kinds of objections critics make, saying something in a story is either impossible, irrational, harmful, contradictory, or contrary to artistic standards.
Desire Love
Lauren Berlant (2012)
Good work with theory and instants.
Desire describes a state of attachment to something or someone, and the cloud of possibility that is generated by the gap between an object’s specificity and the needs and promises projected onto it. This gap produces a number of further convolutions.
Page 15
… this means that your objects are not objective, but things and scenes that you have converted into propping up your world, and so what seems objective and autonomous in them is partly what your desire has created and therefore is a mirage, a shaky anchor.
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In the first entry, “desire” mainly describes the feeling one person has for something else: it is organized by psychoanalytic accounts of attachment, and tells briefly the recent history of their importance in critical theory and practice.
Page 17
The second entry, on love, begins with an excursion into fantasy, moving away from the parent-child scene of psychoanalysis and looking instead at the centrality to desire of context, environment, or history: it examines ways that the theatrical or scenic structure of fantasy suggests its fundamentally social character, its importance as a site in which a person’s relations to history, the present, the future, and herself are performed without necessarily being represented coherently or directly…
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Without fantasy, there would be no attachment and no love.
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Even in its most conventional form, as “love,” desire produces paradox. It is a primary relay to individuated social identity, as in coupling, family, reproduction, and other sites of personal history; yet it is also the impulse that most destabilizes peop…
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and institutions of intimacy, desire also measures fields of difference and distance.
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This is one reason why desire is so often represented as political: in bringing people into public or collective life, desire makes scenes where social conventions of power and value play themselves out in plots about obstacles to and opportunities for erotic fulfillment.
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…institutions of intimacy that have installed sexuality as the truth of what a person is; that promote a narrowed version of heterosexuality as a proper cultural norm, and regulate deviations from it; and that none- theless yield some carefully demarcated s…
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These points about desire are crucial: desire is memorable only when it reaches toward something to which it can attach itself; and the scene of this aspiration must be in a relation of repetition to another scene.
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in Freud’s model the confirming and caring economy of love, involving both giving and receiving on the model of maternal plenitude, is all bound up with an economy of aggression.
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…to love an object is to attempt to master it, to seek to destroy its alterity or Otherness. Here, aggression is not the opposite of love, but integral to it: one way to think about this is that in love, the lover hungers to have her object right where she can love it…
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“Identity” is, in this latter view, a mirage — a mirage of the ego that gives you an “I” and a name to protect you from being overwhelmed by the stimuli you encounter, and/or a mirage of the social order, which teaches you to renounce your desire’s excess …
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…ough a distinction between the phallus and the penis, in which the symbolic term (phallus) signifies all of the relations of possession one can have to the object of desire: the penis (having it or not having it; being [bearing or symbolizing] it, or not).
Page 65
For Lacan, therefore, sexual difference is organized not around the penis and vagina, but the gendering of anxiety. Neither the male nor the female ever “possesses” the phallus: it can only represent loss and desire. In Lacanian terms, however, only the woman represents the objet a, the unattainable Other who always exceeds the phallic value she is supposed to represent. Men live wholly in the Symbolic, insofar as they live the privilege and burden of identifying with/as the Law.
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Sexuality does not emerge naturally from subjects,
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It is a field of normative bodily and affective practices with which subjects are taught to identify and about which they are taught to speak — to the church, the state, the medical profession, and especially to psycho- analysts.
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It is produced by institutional and ideological relations between experience, know- ledge, and power. A culture of individuating but institutionally-inflected confession has grown up to engender “sexuality” which, Foucault says, is a form of discourse about “desire” and the genital practices that are said to express it:
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Whether viewed psycho- analytically, institutionally, or ideologically, in this entry love is deemed always an outcome of fantasy. Without fantasy, there would be no love. There would be no way to move through the uneven field of our ambivalent attachments…
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In popular culture, fantasy is a dreamy narrative that brackets realism and without entirely departing from it, connects up a desiring subject with her ideal or nightmare object, whereas in Freudian psychoanalysis fantasy takes the shape of unconscious wishes that invest images with the force of their ordering impulse and, in certain instances, convert them into symptoms; L…
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Desire is practical: it takes what it can get. Desire has bad eyesight, as it were: remember, that the object is not a thing, but a cluster of fantasmic investments in a scene that represents itself as offering some traction, not a solution to the irreparable con- tradictions of desire. O…
Page 85
Yet remaining remarkably stable has been the ideology that sex must seem natural: heterosexuality seems to require that any pedagogy between lovers must take place away from the sex itself, so that the image of the sex act as an expressive act of
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an unambivalent individual can be preserved. This form of hypocrisy is, currently, conven- tional to sex.
Page 109
Many people argue that love of the other is a powerful tool for bringing marginalized groups into the dominant social world; on the other hand, sentimental identification with suffering created by national, racial, economic, and religious privilege has long coexisted with laws that discriminate among particular forms of difference, privileging some against others (see laws against interracial, interreligious, or gay marriage, for instance).
On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous
Goodreads 一直给我推荐,但是一开始没get到,这次是小红书又看到很多推荐,所以打算硬着头皮读一次试试看。
语言是美的,深度不够但是足够美。是作家但是不是真正的哲思。
The monarchs that fly south will not make it back north. Each departure, then, is final. Only their children return; only the future revisits the past
What is a country but a borderless sentence, a life?
I was once foolish enough to believe knowledge would clarify, but some things are so gauzed behind layers of syntax and semantics, behind days and hours, names forgotten, salvaged and shed, that simply knowing the wound exists does nothing to reveal it.
Memory is a choice. You said that once, with your back to me, the way a god would say it. But if you were a god you would see them. You would look down at this grove of pines, the fresh tips flared lucent at each treetop, tender-damp in their late autumn flush. You once told me that memory is a choice. But if you were god, you’d know it’s a flood
I hate and love your battered hands for what they can never be
I think of Barthes again. A writer is someone who plays with the body of his mother, he says after the death of his own mother, in order to glorify it, to embellish it.
How I want this to be true.
And because I am your son, I said, “Sorry.” Because I am your son, my apology had become, by then, an extension of myself. It was my Hello.
“Like you don’t even know if you’re round or square or even if you’re ugly or not,” I continued. I wanted it to sound important, urgent—but had no idea if I believed it. “Like you can only see what you do to the earth, the colors and stuff, but not who you are
There were colors, Ma. Yes, there were colors I felt when I was with him. Not words—but shades, penumbras.
He loves me, he loves me not, we are taught to say, as we tear the flower away from its flowerness. To arrive at love, then, is to arrive through obliteration. Eviscerate me, we mean to say, and I’ll tell you the truth
Sometimes being offered tenderness feels like the very proof that you’ve been ruined.
I miss you more than I remember you.
I’m not with you because I’m at war with everything but you.
A person beside a person inside a life. That’s called parataxis. That’s called the future.
We’re almost there.
I’m not telling you a story so much as a shipwreck—the pieces floating, finally legible
What were we before we were we? We must’ve been standing by the shoulder of a dirt road while the city burned. We must’ve been disappearing, like we are now.
Maybe in the next life we’ll meet each other for the first time—believing in everything but the harm we’re capable of. Maybe we’ll be the opposite of buffaloes. We’ll grow wings and spill over the cliff as a generation of monarchs, heading home. Green Apple.
看到下面这段还是有点心软
Remember: The rules, like streets, can only take you to known places. Underneath the grid is a field—it was always there—where to be lost is never to be wrong, but simply more.
As a rule, be more.
As a rule, I miss you.
As a rule, “little” is always smaller than “small.” Don’t ask me why.
I’m sorry I don’t call enough.
Green Apple.
I’m sorry I keep saying How are you? when I really mean Are you happy?
If you find yourself trapped inside a dimming world, remember it was always this dark inside the body. Where the heart, like any law, stops only for the living.
If you find yourself, then congratulations, your hands are yours to keep.
Take a right on Risley. If you forget me, then you’ve gone too far. Turn back.
Good luck.
Good night.
Good lord, Green Apple
“Hey,” he said, half-asleep, “what were you before you met me?”
“I think I was drowning.”
A pause.
“And what are you now?” he whispered, sinking.
I thought for a second. “Water”
Fried Green Potato
先看了同名电影,被Ruth的美吸引,被Idgie和Ruth之间的感情感动,所以又补完了小说,称为2025年看到最后一本书。
首先:油炸绿番茄真的好吃吗!东京能不能让我吃到油炸绿番茄!
“He had been flirting around with that pretty Marie Miller that day, and as the train pulled away,
电影里面这里Buddy是和Ruth在调情。电影里面Buddy真正喜欢并且想要结婚的人是Eva。
but she never did cry. She was too hurt to cry.… You know, a heart can be broken, but it keeps on beating, just the same.
‘His Eye Is on the Sparrow, so I Know He Watches Me.’ ”
“Pretty soon after that, Idgie started acting like a tame puppy. I think Ruth was lonesome, herself, that summer … Idgie could make her laugh, and, oh, Idgie would do anything to entertain her. Momma said it was the only time in Idgie’s life that she could get her to do anything she wanted—all she had to do was to ask Ruth to get her to do it. Momma said Idgie would have jumped off a mountain backwards if Ruth had asked her to. And I believe that! It was the first time since Buddy died that she even went to church.
“Just think, Ruth, I never did it for anybody else before. Now nobody in the whole world knows I can do that but you. I just wanted for us to have a secret together, that’s all.”
Ruth didn’t respond.
“I’m sorry, Ruth, please don’t be mad at me.”
“Mad?” Ruth put her arms around Idgie and said, “Oh Idgie, I’m not mad at you. It’s just that I don’t know what I’d do if anything ever happened to you. I really don’t.”
this plot is sooooo lesbian good.
I’d rather kill for love than kill for hate. Wouldn’t you?”
“Well, I don’t think we should ever kill for any reason.”
“All right, then, I’d die for you. How about that? Don’t you think somebody could die for love?”
“My Idgie’s a bee charmer.”
“Is that what I am?”
“That’s what you are. I’ve heard there were people who could do it, but I’d never seen one before today.”
“Is it bad?”
“Nooo. It’s wonderful. Don’t you know that?”
“Naw, I thought it was crazy or something.”
“No—it’s a wonderful thing to be.”
Ruth leaned down and whispered in her ear, “You’re an old bee charmer, Idgie Threadgoode, that’s what you are …”
Idgie smiled back at her and looked up into the clear blue sky that reflected in her eyes, and she was as happy as anybody who is in love in the summertime can be.
It’s funny, most people can be around someone and then gradually begin to love them and never know exactly when it happened; but Ruth knew the very second it happened to her. When Idgie had grinned at her and tried to hand her that jar of honey, all these feelings that she had been trying to hold back came flooding through her, and it was at that second in time that she knew she loved Idgie with all her heart. That’s why she had been crying, that day. She had never felt that way before and she knew she probably would never feel that way again.
爱开始的时候
“You know, I’m thankful that my Cleo passed on first. It seems like a man cain’t live without a woman. That’s why most of them die right after their wives do. They just get lost. It’s pitiful …
我妈常说没有男人的女人可怜,有没有可能事实刚好相反——没有女人的男人才是真可怜,他们甚至不会自己给自己炸油炸绿番茄!
Idgie had been drinking a bottle of rotgut rye since six o’clock that morning, and just before the bride said “I do,” everyone in the church was wondering who was outside in the car blowing their horn like that.
Idgie, who was now nineteen, had driven over to Valdosta almost every month for over two and a half years to watch Ruth going to and from church. She just wanted to make sure she was all right, and Ruth never knew she’d been there.
这段电影里也没体现出来。每个月就为了远远看一眼,太爱了Idgie
I know you’re probably very happy and all … I mean, I’m sure you are, but I just wanted you to know that I don’t hate you and I never did. I still want you to come back and I’m not a kid anymore, so I’m not gonna change. I still love you and I always will and I still don’t care what anybody thinks—”
There had not been a day when Ruth had not thought about her.
她好爱
Ruth, still watching the car that was now a black dot down the road, said, “Just a friend of mine, someone I used to know,” and walked back into the house.
As a matter of fact, she didn’t even know she was pregnant at the time. She’d been over there with Idgie about two months before she noticed that her stomach was just a-pooching out. Went to the doctor and found out she was expecting. He was born over at the big house, and he was the cutest little blond baby, weighed seven pounds and had brown eyes and blond hair.
电影里面Ruth离开之前是知道自己怀孕的
“Momma said, the first time she saw him, ‘Oh look, Idgie, he’s got your hair!’
That’s when Poppa Threadgoode sat Idgie down and told her that now that she was going to be responsible for Ruth and a baby, she’d better figure out what she wanted to do, and gave her five hundred dollars to start a business with. That’s what she bought the cafe with.”
爸妈带头嗑
What was this power, this insidious threat, this invisible gun to her head that controlled her life … this terror of being called names?
She had stayed a virgin so she wouldn’t be called a tramp or a slut; had married so she wouldn’t be called an old maid; faked orgasms so she wouldn’t be called frigid; had children so she wouldn’t be called barren; had not been a feminist because she didn’t want to be called queer and a man hater; never nagged or raised her voice so she wouldn’t be called a bitch …
She had done all that and yet, still, this stranger had dragged her into the gutter with the names that men call women when they are angry.
Two days later, Ruth received a neatly typed note that said, “If you cage a wild thing, you can be sure it will die, but if you let it run free, nine times out of ten it will run back home.”
Ruth called Idgie for the first time in three weeks. “I got your note and I’ve been thinking, maybe we should at least talk.”
Idgie was thrilled. “I think that would be great. I’ll be right over,” and started out the door, planning to swear on a Bible in front of Reverend Scroggins’s house, if she had to, that she would never lie to Ruth again.
As she turned the corner and saw Cleo and Ninny’s house, something Ruth said dawned on her. What note? She hadn’t sent any note.
The Dill Pickle Club will hold a womanless wedding to benefit the high school so they can get a new set of balls for the football, basketball, and baseball teams this year. This should be quite an evening, with our own Sheriff Grady Kilgore as the lovely bride and Idgie as the groom. Julian Threadgoode, Jack Butts, Harold Vick, Pete Tidwell, and Charlie Fowler will be bridesmaids.
But these boys weren’t afraid to do a little work for their grub. Not like the ones they’ve got today. They’d rake the yard or sweep the sidewalk. Aunt Idgie always let them do a little something, so as not to hurt their pride.
He then turned on her and screamed, “WHERE WERE YOU ON THE NIGHT OF DECEMBER THIRTEENTH, NINETEEN THIRTY?”
Idgie really began to sweat. “Well, sir, I was over at my mother’s house, in Whistle Stop.”
“Who was with you?”
“Ruth Jamison and Big George. He went over there with us that night.”
“Can Ruth Jamison testify to that?”
“No sir.”
“Why not?”
“She died eight years ago.”
电影里面Ruth有上法庭的,虽然知道不一样但是还是咯噔一下
And even after she had died, she was still alive in his heart. She could never die for him. Funny. All those years, and she had never known. Idgie knew, but never said anything. She wasn’t the kind to make you feel ashamed of loving, but she knew.
She had tried so hard to find him when Ruth had become ill, but he had been off somewhere, riding the rails. When he did come back, Idgie took him to the place. They each understood what the other was feeling. It was as if, from then on, the two of them mourned together. Not that they ever talked about it. The ones that hurt the most always say the least.
RUTH JAMISON
1898–1946
god saw fit to call her home
the birmingham news
: Which character in Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe came to you first? Where did the novel begin for you?
FF: Strangely enough, the first character in Fried Green Tomatoes was the cafe, and the town. I think a place can be as much a character in a novel as the people.
The novel began for me when I was handed a shoebox full of little things like a menu, a picture, a lock of hair, an old Easter card, etc. This was all that was left of the sixty-nine years of my Aunt Bess, who had been such a vital and loving, giving person while she had been alive. I wanted to recreate a life from that shoebox
比起角色,更多是一个小镇的背景整体